I get this exact same behavior with the 1.6beta2 driver installed.
15" Core i7 MBP / high-res, brand new.
It seems like whenever the MBP tries to switch from the NVIDIA to Intel HD graphics processor, something with the DisplayLink driver is freaking it out.
This handy tool will tell you which adapter your MBP is currently trying to use:
http://codykrieger.com/gfxCardStatus/
It'll also tell you what apps are dependent on the NVIDIA GPU and causing it to be used (among them, an external display, which is why everything is fine when you run with an external monitor).