Hey everyone,
I have encountered the same problem on my MacBook Air with Sonoma 14.6.1.
I have tried restarting, and plugging on/off (also from power with one minute pause).
Nothing helped, so I tried to connect the docking station to my second USB port (I never used that port). After plugging, I was asked if I wanted to allow a connected accessory and it started working again.
Maybe this will help someone.